Pirates and Emperors

‘Bajak Laut dan Kaisar’ – gambaran semacam apakah ini? Yang satu adalah kumpulan penjarah dan pembunuh berdarah yang mengancam keamanan dan kedamaian perairan, dan yang satu lagi adalah tokoh hebat  berkarisma yang membebaskan tanah dan lautan dari kegelapan dengan penaklukkan. Yang satu adalah kumpulan yang tidak memiliki otoritas dan legalitas, dan yang satu lagi adalah sebaliknya. ‘Bapak Linguistik Modern’ Noam Chomsky, melalui buku yang dia tulis dengan judul yang menjadi inspirasi esai ini, menegaskan bahwa sebenarnya Bajak laut lah yang memiliki sifat Kaisar, dan Kaisar lah yang memiliki sifat Bajak Laut, hanya saja sejarah pasti akan selalu berpihak kepada para pengendali informasi dan berita, menyebarkan retorika yang berpihak kepada mereka.

Kisah Sang Bajak Laut dan Sang Kaisar adalah sebagai berikut;

“Diomedes adalah seorang bajak laut terkenal yang akhirnya ditangkap dan dibawa ke hadapan Kaisar untuk dijatuhi hukuman. Karena banyaknya tindakan kriminal yang telah Diomedes lakukan, semua orang berharap Alexander the Great akan menghukum mati bajak laut itu. Namun, sebelum dia memberikan penilaian, Alexander memutuskan untuk mewawancarai bajak laut itu.” 

“Apa yang mungkin memberi Anda hak untuk mengarungi lautan, mengambil dengan paksa barang-barang yang bukan milik Anda?” Alexander bertanya kepada bajak laut.”

“Diomedes dengan berani menjawab dengan beberapa pertanyaannya sendiri. “O Kaisar,” katanya, “apa yang mungkin memberi Anda hak untuk melakukan perjalanan ke seluruh dunia, mengambil dengan paksa barang-barang yang bukan milik Anda? Apa yang memberi Anda hak untuk menduduki tanah Mesir? Siapa yang menjadikan Anda raja Persia? Dengan otoritas apa Anda menyerbu tanah India?”

“Alexander menatap pria itu dengan takjub, dan Diomedes terus berbicara. “Karena saya hanya menggunakan perahu saya sendiri, saya disebut bajak laut. Namun, Anda menggunakan tentara dan angkatan laut Anda, sehingga Anda diproklamirkan sebagai kaisar. Jika Anda bertanya kepada saya siapa penjahat yang lebih besar, saya tidak bisa mengatakannya. Namun, saya tahu bahwa jika saya memiliki senjata seperti itu, saya juga akan menjadi seorang kaisar.”

“Alexander sangat terkesan dengan jawaban ini sehingga alih-alih menghukum bajak laut itu, dia membiarkannya pergi, memujinya karena keberanian dan wawasannya.”

Ilustrasi ini sungguh mendalam dan membuat orang termenung, apakah selama ini kampanye peperangan demi pembebasan, demi menghadirkan demokrasi, demi menjatuhkan rezim yang lalim, adalah sesuatu yang benar untuk didukung? Ataukah merupakan sesuatu yang telah melalui suatu proses manipulasi agar massa menyimpulkan bahwa pihak tertentu adalah Bajak Laut yang hanya tahu merampas hak dan menghadirkan kezaliman.

Pulau Sulawesi terkenal dengan masyarakatnya yang suka berlayar dan berbisnis dengan kepulauan lain di Nusantara, bahkan mampu berlayar hingga  mencapai Madagaskar, hubungan dagang yang tercipta telah menjadikan orang-orang Bugis di Sulawesi sejahtera. ‘Sejahtera’ tidak terbatas kepada gaya hidup mewah dan kemampuan menimbun harta, tetapi hadirnya kemampuan menyajikan makanan diatas meja, menghadirkan senyuman pada anak-anak, wanita, dan pria, dan perasaan yang harmonis, penuh damai dan cinta.

Kedatangan Belanda dengan kontrak-kontrak dagang mereka untuk memonopoli perdagangan dan menguasai jalur perdagangan telah membuat masyarakat Bugis yang menolak dan memberontak akhirnya jatuh sengsara, Belanda telah mengadu domba satu kerajaan dengan kerajaan yang lain. Saat Belanda mengisi kontainer mereka dengan kekayaan bumi Indonesia, bangsa pribumi sibuk berperang menumpahkan darah saudara. Saudara yang tak sadar telah sama-sama dibodohi oleh sang penjajah (Kaisar).

Keadaan seperti itu memaksa orang-orang Bugis yang kelaparan untuk menjarah kapal dan gudang Belanda dengan perahu dan senjata, supaya mampu menyajikan makanan diatas meja. Melakukan teror, menakuti Belanda dengan serangan, membuat mereka tetap bangun dibawah cahaya bulan. Para koloni yang menetap di Sulawesi sering menakuti anak-anak mereka yang bermain dipinggir sungai dan laut agar mereka menjauh dan pulang atau ‘Bugis-man’ akan mencurimu. Kisah tentang ‘Bugis’ yang kejam menjadi suatu kisah horor yang dibawa ke Eropa bernama ‘Boogeyman’, sosok gelap buruk rupa, haus darah, sadis yang mencuri anak-anak kecil jika mereka tidak patuh kepada orangtua.

Anak-anak (rakyat) yang telah ditakuti orangtuanya (Kaisar) akhirnya takut dan percaya, bahwa Boogeyman (Bajak Laut) adalah orang-orang kejam, yang terhina, tidak beretika, dan berbeda dengan mereka.

Bukankah yang menciptakan keadaan dan Bajak Laut ini adalah sang Kaisar sendiri? Siapakah yang memulai periode teror dan penjarahan yang menghadirkan kesengsaraan hingga pada titik dimana pihak lawan bersedia membunuh untuk memberi makanan keluarga seperti yang juga berlaku di Somalia. Tidak boleh dinafikan, bahwa para Bajak Laut memiliki keluarga dirumah, meski begitu kejam dan tidak bisa diterima aksi mereka yang tak berperikemanusiaan. 

Namun bagaimanakah dengan Sang Kaisar? Inilah suatu argumen yang diutarakan oleh Noam Chomsky dalam bukunya. ‘Terorisme Internasional’, mereka yang memiliki otoritas, senjata, dan koneksi, dapat menjarah dan meneror meski ditantang keras. Tuan rumah diusir, dianggap sebagai orang mundur yang tidak mendukung modernisasi dan kemajuan ekonomi. Diminta untuk takluk dan patuh kepada para pendatang yang datang dengan senjata, ilmu, dan harta. Bukankah itu yang sekarang berlaku di bumi Palestina? Sekarang sampingkan sifat bias kita sebagai bangsa yang besar, karena itu jugalah yang pernah berlaku di Timor Leste dan di pahami oleh Almarhum Presiden Habibie.

Maka, apakah Kaisar yang memiliki senjata, harta, koneksi, dan otoritas harus dengan ‘buta’ diakui sebagai pemimpin (atau negara) yang hebat, berkarisma, yang membebaskan tanah dan lautan dari kegelapan dengan penaklukkan?

Kita membenci apa yang tidak kita ketahui, dan kita mencintai apa yang dikabarkan terus-menerus kepada kita tanpa henti.

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